The meeting was the first bilateral visit to Turkiye by a Canadian prime minister, the statement said.
The two leaders described Canada and Turkiye as close NATO allies and members of the G20, and said the partnership would deepen cooperation on trade and investment, energy, defence and security, and people-to-people ties.
Trade and investment
The leaders welcomed the first round of negotiations on a Canada-Türkiye Free Trade Agreement.
They also signed a newly expanded Air Transport Agreement, which the statement said would increase connectivity, ease trade and tourism, and link Canadian and Turkish businesses.
Export Development Canada and Türk Eximbank will step up cooperation to support commercial opportunities in third-country markets.
Carney pointed to potential in nuclear energy, aerospace, defence and advanced technologies, and announced that a Canadian trade mission will travel to Türkiye in 2027.
He was also due to meet leading figures from the Turkish private sector during the visit, the statement said.
Energy and defence
Carney said Canada's expertise could support Turkiye's efforts to diversify its energy supply, including cooperation on liquefied natural gas, civil nuclear power and emerging energy technologies.
The two sides also discussed closer ties between Canadian and Turkish defence industries to address shared security challenges.
The leaders reaffirmed their commitment to collective security, according to the statement.
Global issues
They exchanged views on Russia's war against Ukraine, developments in the Middle East and security in the Black Sea, and stressed the importance of continued dialogue to advance peace and stability.
Carney thanked Erdoğan for his welcome and said he looks forward to hosting him in Canada for a state visit in the near future, the statement said.