Shyam Benegal, architect of India's arthouse cinema who won multiple National Awards for his films besides the highest film honour Dadasaheb Phalke, passed away in Mumbai at age 90.

Benegal was admitted to the intensive care unit at Mumbai's Wockhardt Hospital, just days after he turned 90 on Dec 14.

His daughter Pia Benegal said her father was suffering from chronic kidney disease. "He passed away at 6.38 pm at Wockhardt Hospital Mumbai Central. He had been suffering from chronic kidney disease for several years but it had gotten very bad. That's the reason for his death," Pia said.

The pioneer of what used to be known as parallel cinema or New Wave in India during the 1970s, the director, screen writer and documentary filmmaker won 18 National Film Awards besides winning the Dadasaheb Phalke Award.

Benegal is also known for launching or playing cardinal roles in the careers of actors like Smita Patil, Shabana Azmi, Nasiruddin Shah and Om Puri, all part of the glorious Indian serious cinema movement in the 1970s and 1980s.

He began his feature film making journey with Ankur (The Seedling) in 1973 introducing actors like Shabana Azmi and Anant Nag. The film won the 1975 National Film Award for Second Best Feature Film while Shabana won the National Film Award for Best Actress.

After Ankur he made Nishant (1975), Manthan (1976) and Bhumika (1977). Benegal used a variety of new actors, mainly from the FTII and NSD, such as Naseeruddin Shah, Om Puri, Smita Patil, Shabana Azmi, Kulbhushan Kharbanda and Amrish Puri.

He launched Smita Patil in 1975 with the film Charandas Chor.  For Bhumika (1977) she won her first National Film Award for Best Actress.

A recipient of Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan, Benegal was conferred the Dadasaheb Phalke in 2005.

Benegal's films, Mammo (1994), along with Sardari Begum (1996) and Zubeidaa (2001) all of which won National Film Awards for Best Feature Film in Hindi, form the Muslim women Trilogy.

His last feature film was Mujib: The Making of a Nation in 2023, an epic biographical film based on the life of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the founding father and first president of Bangladesh.

He was awarded the V. Shantaram Lifetime Achievement Award in 2018.